Populations Exam 6 Practice

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• What is the relationship between sample size and the power to detect differentiation or selection?
• In disaster nursing, which action best demonstrates the domain of safety and security?
• In the standard coalescent framework for a diploid population of size Ne, what is the expected time until two lineages coalesce in generations?
• Which action is appropriate during disaster preparedness training?
• Which of the following best defines a human-made disaster?
• What is heterozygosity and why is it useful?
• Which activity should a nurse include when planning to increase disaster preparedness in the community?
• Which scenario qualifies as a human-made disaster?
• In the classic island model of population structure with symmetric migration among many demes, the expected Fst is approximately which of the following?
• Which scenario illustrates the honeymoon phase in disaster emotional response?
• What is the neutral theory of molecular evolution and its key implication?
• Which statement best describes the role of family input when setting health goals with a family?
• Which of the following should the nurse identify as a population-focused approach to gun violence prevention?
• Which of the following is an example of a man-made disaster?
• If you require genome-wide coverage with many loci, which marker type is typically favored?
• What are the key assumptions of the Wright-Fisher sampling process?
• A community health nurse is part of a team that plans to propose a policy that improves access to primary care. Which of the following is the first step in becoming competent as a policy making advocate?
• Which factor is identified as contributing to health disparities in rural populations' mammography uptake?
• Which factor contributes to sexually transmitted infections becoming a significant public health problem?
• What is a Leslie matrix and what information does its dominant eigenvalue provide?
• Migration (gene flow) affects allele frequencies by:
• Which phase focuses on disaster preparedness activities before an event?
• The primary purpose of CASPER in public health is to determine community needs to guide resource allocation.
• Which marker type is described as abundant and stable?
• When teaching about natural disasters, which statement is correct?
• School nurses plan to advocate for students affected by a proposed law. When should they analyze the law to advocate for the students?
• A nurse should identify a health literacy barrier when a client states which of the following?
• Which marker type is highly polymorphic but has fewer loci?
• Which factor may drive the decision to use SNPs over microsatellites for a large-scale survey?
• Which statement most accurately describes a characteristic of human-made disasters?
• Which is a core disaster nursing competency domain according to the eight core competencies?
• Which factors commonly cause Ne to be smaller than census size?
• Reviewing the EMR of a 50-year-old female in a rural area who has not received routine mammograms, which factor should the nurse identify as contributing to the health disparity?
• When should planning for a disaster occur?
• Which factor is NOT a primary determinant in marker choice?
• Which activity would be appropriate to identify in the prevention/mitigation phase?
• Which statement is true about SNPs vs microsatellites?
• Why is identifying emergency shelter locations important in disaster preparedness?
• Which scenario would most likely indicate directional selection in allele frequency data?
• How can allele frequency time series help distinguish selection from drift?
• Which factor does NOT influence the expected time to fixation of a beneficial allele?
• In mutation–selection balance, would the deleterious allele frequency remain constant across generations?
• Before a disaster, which safety action should be taken to keep exits clear?
• A community health nurse explains to first responders about triaging during a mass casualty incident. The nurse should explain that which of the following approaches should be followed during triage?
• What is a genetic bottleneck and its typical effect on genetic variation?
• How does recombination influence LD across generations?
• With allele A frequency p and allele a frequency q=1-p, which set correctly represents the expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• Which statement best defines social determinants of health?
• What is a key trade-off with microsatellites?
• Which tests are commonly used to detect bottlenecks by comparing observed heterozygosity to expectation under constant size?
• In planning, which is a correct relation for choosing markers?
• In the presence of directional selection favoring one allele, the genotype frequencies will:
• Which formula correctly expresses p' under selection given p, q, and fitnesses w_AA, w_Aa, w_aa?
• Allopatric speciation is primarily driven by what condition?
• Which term describes the spread of disease across national boundaries and around the world?
• How does the Moran model differ from the Wright-Fisher model?
• For an infant with failure to thrive, what weekly weight gain target is commonly used?
• How does directional selection affect Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies?
• How does recent admixture affect LD and why?
• In a recessive deleterious allele scenario with selection against aa, what is the typical assumption about the fitness of Aa relative to AA?
• Which statement best describes resilience in a family during a crisis?
• What is a fitness landscape and how does population genetics view local vs global optima?
• Which statement accurately describes nominal group planning in analyzing community-level data?
• If two subpopulations have Fst ≈ 0.2, what does this imply?
• In the eight core competencies for disaster nursing, which action is included in the domain of communication?
• Which area is an example of an environmental risk factor?
• What factor makes SNPs suitable for genome-wide scans?
• What is heterozygote advantage (overdominance) and how does it affect allele frequencies?
• What does a positive Tajima's D suggest about the allele frequency spectrum?
• Which statement best supports the benefit of home-based nursing visits?
• When using SBAR for a 6-month-old infant diagnosed with failure to thrive, which information should be included in the background component?
• In disaster mental health, which scenario best illustrates the heroic phase?
• A community health nurse is calculating deaths among school-age children in a county. Which method should be used to obtain this data?
• A community health nurse is discussing the reconstruction phase after a disaster. Which statement best illustrates the reconstruction phase?
• In directional selection, what happens to the mean phenotype and allele frequency over time?
• Which historical event is commonly cited as a human-made disaster?
• What is true about nominal group planning as used to analyze community data?
• How can population structure influence speciation processes?
• Which statement best describes mutation–selection balance?
• In mutation-drift balance, drift causes random fluctuations; mutation introduces new alleles at rate μ, creating a balance over time.
• Which statement describes sample size determinants in population genetics studies?
• Which process demonstrates resilience in a family during a crisis?
• Which factor may contribute to risks of abuse among an adolescent experiencing bullying?
• How do island model and stepping-stone or isolation-by-distance population structures differ in their effects on genetic differentiation?
• During an interview with a client and their full-time caregiver who appears disheveled and irritable, which caregiver concern should the nurse identify?
• Which factors influence the expected time to fixation of a beneficial allele?
• For a sample of k alleles, what is the distribution of the time to the most recent common ancestor under neutrality?
• A family is in denial about a diagnosis. Which characteristic describes family dysfunction?
• Which of the following is a process metric in evaluating a community health program?
• In a program to control costs associated with hypertension, which intervention best aligns with tertiary prevention?
• Which of the following best identifies an environmental risk factor?
• For a population with a large effective population size and a goal to detect subtle differentiation, which strategy is most powerful?
• Which of the following is an example of health promotion and self-care family function and structure?
• How would a founder event influence allele frequencies and diversity in a new population?
• In post-disaster recovery for human-made disasters, which action is a priority?
• Which mechanism can maintain multiple alleles in a population by balancing selection?
• Differentiate between point mutations and structural mutations and their population-level consequences.
• If Fst is very low, what does this imply about gene flow?
• Which scenario illustrates the heroic phase in disaster response?
• A key difference between natural and human-made disasters is that human-made disasters often involve:
• In which phase of the disaster management cycle is a nurse assessing vulnerabilities across the community?
• What is the typical effect of genetic drift on genetic variation in small populations?
• The concept that a family’s outcomes over a lifetime depend on the success or failure of each phase they go through is an example of which theory?
• Which tool should a nurse use to determine a client's biological risk?
• Provide a simple allele frequency update equation under migration for a panmictic population with migrant frequency p_m and emigration rate m.
• Which factor is not typically considered when determining the minimum viable population (MVP)?
• In the Wright-Fisher sampling process, how are alleles transmitted to the next generation?
• Which statement best describes Fst?
• In bottleneck detection, what does a heterozygosity excess relative to expectation indicate?
• In population genetics, what does Fst measure?
• Health literacy barrier identification: which statement indicates barrier?
• How would you test for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using observed and expected genotype counts?
• Which combination of signs indicates a genetic bottleneck, and what method is commonly used to detect it?
• If a chi-square test for Hardy-Weinberg deviation yields p < 0.05, what does this imply about the population?
• Which of the following is an example of a balanced polymorphism in natural populations?
• In planning policy advocacy for a health policy change, what is the initial step?
• Which statement correctly defines effective population size Ne?
• In incident command during a human-made disaster, which statement is true?
• Disaster preparedness is a shared responsibility of which level?
• On a client intake form, in which area should the nurse look to assess living conditions and other factors influencing health?
• Which statement correctly describes the nature of disasters?
• If an employee reports unilateral hearing loss, what should the nurse do first?
• Following a nearby disaster, which resource responds to the disaster first?
• What is a stable age distribution and how is it related to the population growth rate lambda?
• During a chemical release in an industrial setting, what is the most appropriate immediate action?
• Which of the following should be included as an example of a natural disaster?
• In mass casualty triage, which principle guides the ordering of treatment when resources are limited?
• What is the approximate expected time to the most recent common ancestor for two neutral alleles in a diploid population?
• Which event is clearly a human-made disaster?
• Which statement best describes disaster planning regarding timing?
• A nurse is working on goals with a family to address an identified problem. Which of the following is important for the nurse to remember when setting goals?
• A community health nurse is training a newly licensed nurse on the use of case studies and case reports. These tools are primarily used to provide what?
• What is population viability analysis (PVA) and what data does it typically require?
• What is the Allee effect and how does it influence small populations?
• Distinguish between overdominance and frequency-dependent selection as forms of balancing selection.
• Which outcome is a long-term consequence of human-made disasters?
• Activation of a disaster plan occurs during which phase of disaster management?
• Which measure most effectively reduces the risk of human-made disasters in industry?
• Which strategy helps to ensure collaborative relationships when a nurse collaborates with multiple community agencies?
• In the biological ecosystems theory, which system includes the individual's immediate relationships such as family and peers?
• In a mass casualty triage scenario, a child who is not breathing spontaneously after airway repositioning should have which action next?
• A nurse notes that a client lives in a home that is 50 years old. This information identifies which risk category?
• In advocacy for students, what is the appropriate time to analyze the potential impact of a proposed bill?
• Prior to a disaster, which activity should be included in teaching to health staff?
• Which factor would most directly cause a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies?
• In risk assessment for managing human-made disasters, which factor is commonly evaluated?
• What information should be included about places of worship in disaster planning?
• When a nurse and a family have identified a problem and plan interventions, what should the nurse remember?
• Which theory supports the idea that an individual's illness can affect the entire family?
• Define net reproductive rate R0 and its ecological interpretation.
• A nurse using USPSTF guidelines is identifying Grade C screenings. Which description applies to Grade C screenings?
• Differentiate demographic and environmental stochasticity and provide an example of each.
• What is a plausible outcome when there is geographic isolation combined with population structure that reduces gene flow?
• Which scenario can generate LD between loci that are not physically linked?
• How does habitat fragmentation influence population structure and genetic diversity?
• Which action involves updating and maintaining the community disaster plan?
• What does a negative Tajima's D indicate about the allele frequency spectrum?
• During a follow-up home visit, the care plan from the previous visit was not followed. What should the nurse do first?
• An advantage of visiting a family in their home is that which of the following occurs?
• Which practice best reduces risk in industry to prevent disasters?
• In the disaster nursing domain of intervention, which action should the nurse take?
• A community health nurse is assigned to identify activities that are a part of the prevention/mitigation phase of the disaster management cycle. Which of the following activities should the nurse identify as being in the prevention/mitigation phase?
• To power a study aimed at detecting selection, which aspects should be considered?
• In SBAR, which component would you use to specify what action should be taken?
• Which of the following is a human-made disaster?
• What is genetic drift effect during a bottleneck or founder event?
• Which populations should be included in the disaster plan?
• In a formative evaluation of a smoking cessation program, which metric should be included?
• Members of minority groups are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Which is an example of why this occurs?
• Which SBAR component should a nurse use to communicate that a client’s family member needs more assistance at home?
• Which best summarizes marker choice vs research question?
• Which statement best describes how natural selection affects allele frequencies?
• What is the minimum viable population (MVP) and which factors influence it?
• To help overcome barriers when planning community initiatives, what approach should the nurse propose?
• Regarding the National Preparedness Goal, which statement is true?
• A nurse is using the biological ecosystems theory. Which system should the nurse plan to use to identify the individual's response to an event?
• CASPER stands for which phrase?
• Which statement describes microsatellites' main characteristic for population studies?
• How are fitness values defined for genotypes in a selection scenario?
• For a recessive deleterious allele with selection coefficient s against aa and mutation rate μ, the approximate equilibrium allele frequency q is:
• A nurse who works with marginalized clients knows that a biased attitude can affect the health outcomes of these clients. Which of the following impacts might be observed if the nurse has a biased attitude?
• To reduce health care costs for older adults, which secondary prevention intervention should a public health nurse suggest?
• Which of the following is a human-made disaster?
• In finite populations, how do mutation and genetic drift interact to influence allele frequencies?
• What is linkage disequilibrium (LD) and which factors can generate it in populations?
• Which statement best describes the reconstruction phase after a disaster?
• The CASPER framework is used to do which of the following in disaster preparedness?
• To determine the number of deaths among school-age children in a county, which data source is most appropriate?
• Migration (gene flow) alters allele frequencies between subpopulations by:
• In the Wright-Fisher sampling process, mutation is